{"id":59,"date":"2014-07-31T17:07:17","date_gmt":"2014-07-31T17:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.uga.edu\/export-control\/?page_id=59"},"modified":"2017-12-13T17:13:34","modified_gmt":"2017-12-13T17:13:34","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.uga.edu\/export-control\/resources\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion style=”flat” shape=”square” spacing=”5″ gap=”5″ active_section=”999″ no_fill=”true” collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)” tab_id=”1513182261019-948d56bc-7501″][vc_column_text]The CFR is the codification of administrative law published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the U.S. federal government.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Commerce Control List (CCL) ” tab_id=”1513182261048-036b8b6a-7a1e”][vc_column_text]The CCL is a list of items under the export control jurisdiction of the Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S. Department of Commerce. It is found in\u00a0Supplement 1 to part 774<\/a>\u00a0of the\u00a0Export Administration Regulations\u00a0(EAR).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Commerce Control List (CCL) Category” tab_id=”1513182456879-47c75890-ba97″][vc_column_text]The CCL is divided into 10 categories: (0) Nuclear Materials, Facilities, and Equipment [and Miscellaneous Items]; (1) Special Materials and Related Equipment, Chemicals, Microorganisms, and Toxins; (2) Materials Processing; (3) Electronics; (4) Computers; (5) Telecommunications and Information Security; (6) Sensors and Lasers; (7) Navigation and Avionics; (8) Marine; and (9) Aerospace and Propulsion.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Commerce Control List (CCL) Group” tab_id=”1513182563300-c9f1333f-5a2e”][vc_column_text]The CCL is divided into 10 categories. Each category is subdivided into 5 groups, designated by the letters A through E: (A) Systems, Equipment and Components; (B) Test, Inspection and Production Equipment; (C) Material; (D) Software; and (E) Technology.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Deemed Export” tab_id=”1513182593147-af06f1c8-a720″][vc_column_text]Release or transfer of technology or source code subject to the EAR to a foreign national in the United States is \u201cdeemed\u201d to be an export to the home country of the foreign national under the EAR. Technology is specific information necessary for the development, production, or use of a Commerce Department product controlled for export. \u201cUse,\u201d generally, is defined as operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul, and refurbishing. The State Department does not use the term deemed export, but the same principal applies in the ITAR.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Defense Article” tab_id=”1513182607220-c89a8c97-7c90″][vc_column_text](22 CFR 120.6<\/a>) Refers to any item designated in the United States Munitions List (USML). Examples include specified chemical agents, cameras designated for military purposes, specified lasers, and GPS equipment. \u201cDefense article\u201d also refers to any\u00a0technical data\u00a0recorded or stored in any physical form, models, mock-ups, or other items that reveal technical data directly relating to the particular item or \u201cdefense article\u201d listed in the USML. Defense article does\u00a0not\u00a0<\/em>include basic marketing information on function, purpose, or general system description.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Defense Service” tab_id=”1513182741432-d3c72a76-5f9a”][vc_column_text]Refers to: (1) the furnishing of assistance (including training) anywhere (inside the United States or abroad) to foreign nationals in connection with the design, development, engineering, manufacture, production, assembly, testing, repair, maintenance, modification, operation, demilitarization, destruction, processing, or use of defense articles; or (2) the furnishing of any controlled \u201ctechnical data\u201d (see definition below) to foreign nationals anywhere; or (3) military training of foreign units and forces, regular and irregular, including formal or informal instruction of foreign persons in the United States or abroad by correspondence courses, technical, educational, or information publications and media of all kinds, training aid, orientation, training exercise, and military advice. (22 CFR 120.9<\/a>)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Dual Use” tab_id=”1513182764721-342b621b-cad6″][vc_column_text]Dual use items have both commercial and military or proliferation applications.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”End Use” tab_id=”1513182780877-79578c67-aa4d”][vc_column_text]A detailed description of how the ultimate consignee intends to use the commodities being exported.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”End User” tab_id=”1513182804199-32c88582-cd34″][vc_column_text]An end user is the person abroad who receives and ultimately uses the exported or reexported items. The end user is not a forwarding agent or intermediary, but may be the purchaser or ultimate consignee.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Export” tab_id=”1513182817114-eeec9209-a15b”][vc_column_text]An actual shipment or transmission, out of the United States, of items, services, or technical data subject to either the EAR or ITAR; or the release or transfer of technology, software, or technical data subject to either the EAR or ITAR, to a foreign national in the United States or abroad. Technology, software, or technical data is \u201creleased\u201d for export through:<\/p>\n